Manual "Capacetes": resumo do módulo 1 e referências
Resumo
- O risco de ser ferido ou morto em colisão causada no trânsito é muito maior para usuários de motocicletas do que para motoristas de veículos de quatro rodas.
- Os usuários de motocicletas compõem alta proporção de traumatismos e mortes causados no trânsito, em geral, particularmente em países de baixa e média renda, onde é alta a propriedade de motocicletas.
- Traumatismos na cabeça e pescoço são a principal causa de morte, trauma grave e in validez entre usuários de motocicletas e bicicletas. Em alguns países, estima-se que os traumas na cabeça são responsáveis por até 88% dessas mortes.
- Os capacetes procuram reduzir o risco de traumatismos graves na cabeça e no cérebro reduzindo o impacto de uma força ou colisão na cabeça.
- O uso correto do capacete diminui consideravelmente o risco e a gravidade de traumatismos na cabeça.
- Programas que estabelecem e fazem cumprir a legislação obrigatória do uso de capacete são eficazes em aumentar os seus índices de uso e, assim, reduzem o número de traumatismos.
- Há forte apoio internacional aos programas para uso de capacete.
Referências
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2. Koornstra M et al. Sunflower: a comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Leidschendam, SWOV (Institute for Road Safety Research), 2003.
3. Mohan D. Traffic safety and health in Indian cities. Journal of Transport and Infrastructure, 2002, 9:79–94.
4. Traffic Safety Facts. Motorcycle helmet laws . Washington, D.C., National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2004 (www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/New-fact-sheet03/MotorcycleHelmet. pdf, accessed 4 July 2006).
5. Suriyawongpaisal P, Kanchanusut S. Road traffic injuries in Thailand: trends, selected underlying determinants and status of intervention. Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2003, 10:95–104.
6. Umar R. Helmet initiatives in Malaysia. In: Proceedings of the 2nd World Engineering Congress. Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, Institution of Engineers, July 2002.
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22. Preusser DF, Hedlund JH, Ulmer RG. Evaluation of motorcycle helmet law repeal in Arkansas and Texas. Washington, DC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2000.
23. Mounce N et al. The reinstated comprehensive motorcycle helmet law in Texas. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 1992.
24. Fleming NS, Becker ER. The impact of the Texas 1989 motorcycle helmet law on total and headre lated fatalities, severe injuries and overall injuries. Medical Care 1992;30:832-845.
25. Muller A. Florida’s motorcycle helmet law repeal and fatality rates. American Journal of Public Health, 2004;94:556–558.
26. Ulmer RG, Northrup VS. Evaluation of the repeal of the all-rider motorcycle helmet law in Florida. Washington, D.C., National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2005.
27. Resolution of the World Health Assembly, 57th session, 22 May 2004. Road safety and health, WHA57.10 (2004). (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_ traffic/ en/index.html, accessed 4 July 2006).
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29. Ulmer RG, Preusser DF. Evaluation of the repeal of motorcycle helmet laws in Kentucky and Louisiana. Washington, D.C., National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2003 (http:// www.nhtsa.dot. gov/people/injury/pedbimot/motorcycle/kentuky-la03/ accessed 4 July 2006).
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